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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(6): 722-724, Nov.-Dec. 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611753

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem that requires global control strategies, especially with respect to factors that may intervene in reducing the incidence of endemicity. In this work, rainfall density and temperature were correlated with the incidence of human cases in an area endemic for leishmaniasis in São Luis do Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Notification of human cases by the National Health Foundation/Regional Coordination of Maranhão (FUNASA/COREMA) from 2002 to 2010 was used. Ecological data (mean temperature and rainfall density) were provided by the Meteorological Office of State. RESULTS: A significant association was verified between the number of VL cases and rainfall rate but not in the analysis concerning mean temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the control actions in visceral leishmaniasis should be performed during rainy season in the State of Maranhão, which is in the first half of the year.


INTRODUÇÃO: A leishmaniose visceral por ser um importante problema de saúde pública mundial requer estratégias de controle, notadamente em relação a fatores que possam intervir na redução da incidência dessa endemia. A densidade pluviométrica e a temperatura são aqui correlacionadas com a incidência de casos humanos em uma área endêmica de calazar na Ilha de São Luis do Maranhão, nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se notificações dos casos humanos pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Coordenação Regional do Maranhão (FUNASA/COREMA) durante o período de 2002 a 2010. Os dados ecológicos (temperatura e densidade pluviométrica) foram cedidos pela Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. RESULTADOS: Associação significante foi verificada entre o número de casos e a pluviometria, o que não foi verificado com a temperatura média. CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados sugerem que as ações de controle na leishmaniose visceral devem ser executadas durante o período chuvoso em nosso Estado, ou seja, no primeiro semestre do ano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endemic Diseases , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Rain , Temperature , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Notification , Risk Factors , Seasons
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(6): 657-660, Nov.-Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-611777

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: One of the important current problems in HIV/AIDS infection is the establishment of epidemiological and laboratorial prognostic parameters during patient follow-up. This study aimed at analyzing the evolution of laboratory tests: CD4 lymphocyte count, viral load, hemoglobin (Hb), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the epidemiological variables sex and age as prognostic factors for survival in progression to death among AIDS patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using analysis of medical records, and prospective 24-month follow-up of patients with HIV/ AIDS attended at the President Vargas Hospital Outpatient Clinic, a reference center in HIV/ AIDS attendance in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. The study analyzed patients aged 10 to 60 years old, who manifested AIDS and who were not using antiretroviral therapy or had used it for less than 5 years. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The sample included 100 patients - 57 were current outpatients, and 43 had died. The variables viral load (p=0.726), ALT (p=0.314), sex (p=0.687), and age (p=0.742) were analyzed, and no evidence of association between them and worst prognosis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A significant relation was verified between low Hb levels (p=0.000) and CD4 (p=0.000) and shorter survival.


INTRODUÇÃO: Uma das importantes dificuldades atuais na infecção HIV/AIDS é estabelecer parâmetros epidemiológicos e laboratoriais prognósticos no seguimento dos pacientes. Esse trabalho objetivou analisar a evolução dos exames laboratoriais: contagem de linfócitos CD4, carga viral, dosagem de hemoglobina (Hb), de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), de alanino aminotransferase (ALT) e as variáveis epidemiológicas: sexo e idade, como fatores prognósticos de sobrevida na evolução para o óbito em pacientes com AIDS. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo a partir da análise de prontuários e um prospectivo por seguimento de pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS, no Serviço Ambulatorial da referência assistencial em HIV/AIDS, no Estado do Maranhão, durante 24 meses. Os pacientes analisados tinham faixa etária compreendida entre 10 e 60 anos, apresentavam quadro clínico manifesto e não faziam uso de antirretroviral ou ainda o faziam há menos de 5 anos. Para análise estatística, foi adotado o teste qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A amostra compreendeu 100 pacientes, dos quais 57 se encontravam em tratamento ambulatorial e 43 já tinham ido a óbito. Variáveis como carga viral (p= 0,726), ALT (p=0,314), sexo (p=0,687) e faixa etária (p=0,742) foram analisadas e nenhuma evidência de associação entre elas com o pior prognóstico foi verificada. CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se uma significante relação entre baixos níveis de Hb (p=0,000) e de CD4 (p=0,000) com menor sobrevida.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Disease Progression , HIV Infections/mortality , Hemoglobin A/metabolism , Viral Load , Biomarkers/blood , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/immunology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
3.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 12(6): 536-537, Dec. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-507457

ABSTRACT

HTLV-I is associated with a broad spectrum of manifestations, including tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Arnold Chiari syndrome is a condition characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. This condition should be suspected in all patients with headache and impaired motor coordination. Syringomyelia is a developmental anomaly that leads to the formation of an intramedullary cavity. Its clinical presentation is classically characterized by syringomyelic dissociation of sensation, with suspended distribution in the proximal portion of the trunk and upper limbs and preservation in other regions. We report here a case of association of the three diseases, which is rare in clinical practice, illustrating the difficulty in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of these conditions.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/complications , HTLV-I Infections/complications , Syringomyelia/complications , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnosis , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , Syringomyelia/diagnosis
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